Ethiopia is a country in the Horn of Africa in East Africa. Ethiopia borders Eritrea to the north, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, Kenya and Uganda to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the northeast. Ethiopia today is a union of six nation states, three multi-ethnic states and two independent cities. The "Ethiopian Federation", as the country is called in its constitution, is defined as a multinational democratic federation whose form of government is a republic.

Ethiopia is a country with a very ancient continuous history. The modern state is actually a continuation of the Ethiopian Empire, which itself originated in the Exum Empire. This, according to tradition, developed from the kingdom of Sheba which arose in 1978 BC. Christianity was declared the state religion in 325 AD, and thus Ethiopia became the second country and the first empire to accept Christianity.

During the seventh century, Islam also arrived in the region, which began the Ethiopian Dark Age, during which the Kingdom of Axum spread southward, losing territories in the north that had been conquered by the Muslims. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, Ethiopia became one of the most powerful empires in the world, and at the end it began to decline. During the modern era, the country's borders expanded, but its political characteristics and cultural infrastructure continued to be based on its ancient origins dating back to the Axumian period.